Papillomatosis of the larynx is a common disease. A few years ago, the only possible method of dealing with the problem was surgery, over time, conservative methods of treating the disease appeared.
causes
Papillomas in the throat appear due to the growth of connective tissue and epithelium. These formations are benign in nature. However, that doesn't mean they should be ignored.
Outwardly, the growths resemble cockscombs of a red or pink tint. Unique copies rarely appear. There are often several formations.
They occur on the tongue, directly in the larynx, on the palate and vocal cords, on the arches of the tonsils, on the pharynx and trachea.
The greatest danger is the papillomas located in the throat, which interfere with the normal functioning of the respiratory tract. These are growths on the bronchi and trachea. They lead to serious consequences and complications.
Papillomas appear in the throat if HPV is activated.
This happens under the following conditions:
- the presence of infectious diseases such as scarlet fever, measles;
- reduced immunity;
- polluted atmosphere in the area of residence;
- the presence of chronic diseases of the nose, throat and ears;
- vocal cord tension.
There is the concept of "juvenile papillomatosis". They suffer from small children. With him, several papillomas in the throat close the lumen of the larynx, which interferes with the normal respiratory process.
Adults infected with HPV in the trachea or bronchi can develop a malignant tumor, provided there is no treatment. However, even surgery does not guarantee that the formations will not reappear.
Papillomas in the throat: symptoms
At an early stage, the problem may not manifest itself.
But as the warts grow, symptoms are observed:
- difficult breathing;
- the appearance of hoarseness, cough for no reason, heaviness in the throat;
- problems with the endocrine system;
- any changes related to the respiratory system;
- cough, accompanied by discharge of sputum or even blood;
- lump in the throat.
In children, papillomas in the throat can manifest with symptoms:
- asthma attacks due to edema of the airways;
- the appearance of shortness of breath;
- difficulties in the implementation of the respiratory process;
- hoarseness;
- violations in the development of the child.
How can you be infected?
The papillomavirus is transmitted by contact with an infected person.
This can happen in several ways:
- Sexual way. Above all, the risk of contracting a papilloma is great for those who lead a promiscuous sex life.
- Household manner. When using a towel, blanket, as well as in common areas.
- Through a kiss
- In the presence of wounds or microcracks.
- self-infection;
- When passing through the birth canal (from an infected mother to a child).
Who is at risk?
Often, HPV in the throat occurs in children who have infections associated with ENT organs. These include pharyngitis, tonsillitis, tracheitis, purulent otitis media, laryngitis.
The most common papillomatosis of the throat affected people in the age group of 20 to 45 years.
In the risk factor, a person who has bad habits, constantly experiences stress, leads an unhealthy life.
There are a number of indirect factors that can cause the development of throat papillomas:
- taking hormonal pills;
- live in an area with a high level of air pollution;
- second-hand smoke;
- violations in the care of the oral cavity;
- hormonal failure in the body;
- the presence of hereditary factors;
- stress.
Types of HPV in the throat
There are many classifications of papillomas located in the throat.
Here is how the types of the disease are divided according to age:
- Congenital (i. e. the infection occurred in utero).
- Children.
- Acquired (during sexual intercourse or domestically).
- Adult.
- Recurrent.
Another division is based on the degree of growth of papillomas:
- a limited option, when the spread of formations occurs in a certain area of the throat;
- common form, when the papillomas are scattered everywhere;
- shutter type. In this case, the growths interfere with the passage of air through the respiratory tract.
Depending on the state of the respiratory system and the presence of symptomatic manifestations, the disease can be:
- First compensatory diploma. It is characterized by slight difficulty when inhaling and exhaling, the appearance of hoarseness.
- Second compensatory diploma. Shortness of breath appears, the body ceases to get enough oxygen, a constant feeling of anxiety appears, cold sweats appear, and the skin begins to turn blue.
- Third degree, when there is a complete cessation of breathing. The patient loses consciousness by asphyxiation.
Depending on the presence of oncogenic properties, the papilloma in the throat can be:
- benign;
- smart.
Location of papillomas
Neoplasms can be localized directly in the throat, on one of its parts or on the larynx. Which of them are dangerous?
Growths that occur in the throat affect the tonsils. There are papillomas on the soft palate or the side walls. Rarely, formations on the vocal cords can be found. Do not confuse papillomas on the tonsils and traffic jams.
In the second case, there is a taste of pus in the mouth. It is impossible to independently determine what it is specifically ⏤. You need to contact a specialist.
If it's a clog, just rinse the problem area. If it is a papilloma on the tonsil, the doctor will prescribe an effective treatment. It can be conservative treatment or surgery.
Papillomas of the larynx are dangerous. These growths can disturb the patient's speech, interfere with the respiratory process. It is important that this problem arises in children.
Due to the fact that the respiratory lumen is significantly reduced, the laryngeal papilloma can cause suffocation, lack of oxygen in the body and death.
Diagnosis of papillomas in the throat
Before starting the treatment of papillomas, the doctor will prescribe a number of diagnostic measures.
Throat papillomatosis can be detected using:
- Laryngoscopy - the study of the problem area using a special tool laryngoscope.
- Histology - the study of papilloma tissue. Often performed after a growth has been removed or after a biopsy has been taken.
- Microlaryngoscopy - allows you to consider all the nuances of the appearance of education.
- Electroglottography - allows to determine the type of papillomas (benign or malignant).
- X-ray - determines the frequency of the problem in the throat.
Conservative treatment
Papillomas in the throat area can be treated with conservative methods. The most common method is chemotherapy. It is carried out with the help of drugs based on chemicals.
They are applied to the affected areas, for these purposes they are used:
- Potassium permanganate.
- salicylic acid.
- Silver nitrate salts.
- Sulfuric acid.
- Perhydrol.
- Nitric acid.
The cautery procedure should be performed by a qualified person. There are a number of substances banned due to their high toxicity for the treatment of children.
Another conservative method is radiotherapy. Its main task is to destroy diseased cells. This modern method has recently been increasingly used to remove papillomas.
Remove tumors in the throat and using radiation therapy. The main advantage of the method is the absence of damage or scarring, rapid healing and the exclusion of relapses.
The doctor prescribes to drink antiviral drugs, recommends taking immunostimulants.
Removal of papillomas in the throat
Experts believe that the only correct and effective treatment option is surgical removal of the papilloma.
For this, the appropriate method is selected:
- laser;
- radio wave method;
- cryodestruction;
- laryngoscopy;
- electrocautery.
It is impossible to remove neoplasms on your own. There is a high probability of papilloma injury. This will cause a rapid degeneration of a benign tumor into a cancerous formation. Only the surgeon will succeed in the operation.
Surgery to remove growths in children is contraindicated. This leads to a complete cessation of breathing. These methods are not used in early childhood.
Treatment with folk remedies
There are a number of traditional medicines, with the help of which you can get rid of papillomas in the throat. They are made from natural herbs and plants. A simple remedy is to eat 1 large spoonful of fresh honey daily.
An infusion of bay leaves will help to cope with the problem. They are poured with boiling water and kept in a thermos overnight. During the day, the obtained drug is drunk. The duration of treatment with the drug is 2 weeks.
An effective recipe is a mixture of chopped horseradish with honey. The ingredients are taken in equal proportions. You need to take a spoonful of funds per day. The porridge is placed on the tongue and after a few seconds it is washed off with water.
Since ancient times, people have treated papillomas located in the throat by drinking a decoction of a mixture of bird cherry, thyme, licorice, black currant, raspberry, coltsfoot and plantain. The drug is taken one hour after eating for 3 months.
You cannot deal with the problem with folk recipes. The sooner the patient sees a doctor, the sooner he will receive highly qualified assistance, this will help to avoid the consequences.